HSK 4Lesson 43
Good learners have methods. You will get advice on teaching yourself a language, learn a better way to read a hard article, ask a classmate for the key point of a grammar rule with examples, and work out the difference between two similar words with a teacher.
You will learn to talk about how to study well: teaching yourself, building a foundation, reading carefully, finding the key point, giving examples, and telling two similar things apart.
Part 1 · 14 new words
Contains 4 words
to teach oneself
foundation; basics
basic
to study closely; to research
Contains 3 words
to understand
familiar; to know well
Contains 2 words
key point; focus
key; crucial point
Contains 3 words
to give an example
example
Contains 2 words
to judge; to decide
difference
Part 2 · 8 phrases
他没上过课，汉语是在网上自学的。
He never took a class; he taught himself Chinese online.
我汉语基础不太好，所以要从基本的句子学起。
My Chinese foundation isn't good, so I have to start from basic sentences.
考试以前，老师会告诉大家哪些是重点。
Before the exam, the teacher tells everyone which parts are the key points.
写完以后再仔细检查一遍，错误就少了。
After you finish writing, check it carefully once more and there will be fewer mistakes.
我喜欢运动，例如游泳、打球和跑步。
I like sports, such as swimming, ball games and running.
你说得太难懂了，举个例子吧。
It's too hard to understand the way you say it; give an example.
Part 3 · 4 conversations
Li Wen plans to teach himself English over the summer and asks Liu Ming, who once taught himself a foreign language, for advice.
李文Li Wen
我打算这个暑假自学英语。你以前也自学过外语，有什么好办法吗？
I plan to teach myself English this summer. You taught yourself a foreign language before; any good advice?
刘明Liu Ming
最重要的是先打好基础。我刚开始的时候太急了，基础没打好，后来学什么都难。
The most important thing is to lay a good foundation first. When I started I was in too much of a hurry and my basics were weak, so later everything was hard.
careful; thorough
for example
“想”和“要”有什么区别？
What's the difference between 想 and 要?
用了一个月，我已经熟悉了这个新手机。
After using it a month, I'm familiar with this new phone.
李文Li Wen
那基础应该怎么打？
So how should I build the foundation?
刘明Liu Ming
先把基本的词和常用的句子学会，每天学一点儿，别想一次学很多。
First learn the basic words and the common sentences. Study a little every day; don't try to learn a lot at once.
李文Li Wen
一个人学，遇到不懂的地方怎么办？
When you study alone, what do you do when you get stuck?
刘明Liu Ming
可以上网查，也可以问会说英语的朋友。关键是每天都要坚持。
You can look it up online or ask a friend who speaks English. The key thing is to keep at it every day.
Bai Jiayue has read an article three times without understanding it, and Teacher Wang shows her a better way to read.
白家月Bai Jiayue
王老师，这篇文章我读了三遍，还是不太理解。
Teacher Wang, I've read this article three times and I still don't really understand it.
王老师Teacher Wang
你是怎么读的？
How did you read it?
白家月Bai Jiayue
我一句一句地读，遇到不熟悉的词就查词典。
Sentence by sentence, and whenever I met an unfamiliar word I looked it up.
王老师Teacher Wang
这样太慢了，读到后面就忘了前面。第一遍先别查词典，看看文章主要讲什么。
That's too slow; by the end you forget the beginning. The first time, don't use the dictionary; just see what the article is mainly about.
白家月Bai Jiayue
然后呢？
And then?
王老师Teacher Wang
第二遍再仔细读。不熟悉的词，先看看前后的句子，猜猜它的意思。
Read it carefully the second time. For unfamiliar words, look at the sentences around them first and guess the meaning.
白家月Bai Jiayue
好，我今天晚上就用这个办法再读一遍。
Okay, I'll read it again tonight this way.
Anne keeps making mistakes with the 把 (bǎ) sentence and asks Liu Xiaoxue for the key point and some examples.
安妮Anne
小雪，“把”字句我预习了，可是总用错。这个语法的重点是什么？
Xiaoxue, I prepared the 把 (bǎ) sentence, but I keep getting it wrong. What is the key point of this grammar?
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
关键是动词后面不能什么都没有，还要加点儿东西。
The key is that the verb can't stand alone at the end; something has to follow it.
安妮Anne
你能举例说明一下吗？
Can you explain it with an example?
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
例如“我把作业做完了”，“做”后面有“完了”。不能只说“我把作业做”。
For example, in 我把作业做完了 (wǒ bǎ zuòyè zuòwán le), 完了 (wán le) follows 做 (zuò). You can't just say 我把作业做 (wǒ bǎ zuòyè zuò).
安妮Anne
我明白了。我也举个例子：“我把书放在桌子上了。”
I see. Let me give an example too: 我把书放在桌子上了 (wǒ bǎ shū fàng zài zhuōzi shang le), I put the book on the table.
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
对！“放”后面有“在桌子上”，这个例子很好。
Right! 在桌子上 (zài zhuōzi shang) follows 放 (fàng). That's a good example.
Anne cannot tell 有点儿 (yǒudiǎnr) and 一点儿 (yìdiǎnr) apart, and Teacher Wang helps her work out the difference herself.
安妮Anne
王老师，“有点儿”和“一点儿”有什么区别？我研究了半天，还是不清楚。
Teacher Wang, what is the difference between 有点儿 (yǒudiǎnr) and 一点儿 (yìdiǎnr)? I've studied them for ages and I'm still not clear.
王老师Teacher Wang
你先看这两句：“这件衣服有点儿贵”和“这件衣服一点儿贵”。你判断一下哪个对。
First look at these two: 这件衣服有点儿贵 (zhè jiàn yīfu yǒudiǎnr guì) and 这件衣服一点儿贵 (zhè jiàn yīfu yìdiǎnr guì). Decide which one is right.
安妮Anne
第一个对吧？可是我不知道为什么。
The first one, I think? But I don't know why.
王老师Teacher Wang
你判断得对。“有点儿”放在“贵”这样的词前面，“一点儿”放在后面，例如“便宜一点儿”。
You judged right. 有点儿 (yǒudiǎnr) goes before words like 贵 (guì), and 一点儿 (yìdiǎnr) goes after them, for example 便宜一点儿 (piányi yìdiǎnr), a bit cheaper.
安妮Anne
我发现“有点儿”后面常常是不好的意思，像“有点儿累”“有点儿贵”。
I notice that what follows 有点儿 (yǒudiǎnr) is often something negative, like 有点儿累 (yǒudiǎnr lèi) and 有点儿贵 (yǒudiǎnr guì).
王老师Teacher Wang
很好，这是你自己研究出来的。以后多看例子，自己找区别，会记得更清楚。
Very good, you worked that out yourself. From now on, look at more examples and find the differences yourself; you'll remember them better.
