HSK 4Lesson 45
Liu Xiaoxue's group turns its breakfast survey of fifty classmates into a write-up. You will check the figures in the draft, finish the tables after a whole day of work, present the totals to Teacher Wang, and explain what the group learned from the four classmates who skip breakfast.
You will learn to report survey figures: the total, all and the whole of something, only and at least, part of a group, and a conclusion drawn from the data.
Part 1 · 16 new words
Contains 7 words
altogether; in total
whole; all
all; without exception
all
completely; fully
among them; of which
common; shared
Contains 4 words
only; just
only; merely
Contains 3 words
whole; entire
the whole
Contains 2 words
from it; out of it
among; in
Part 2 · 9 phrases
这次旅行共花了两千块，其中一半是飞机票。
This trip cost two thousand yuan in total, and half of that was the plane ticket.
过年的时候，全家人坐在一起吃饭。
At New Year the whole family sits down to eat together.
光买书就花了五百块，别的东西还没买。
Just buying books cost five hundred yuan, and I haven't bought the other things yet.
他仅仅学了三个月，就能说简单的汉语了。
He's only studied for three months, and he can already say simple Chinese.
要学好一门外语，至少需要两三年。
To learn a foreign language well you need at least two or three years.
房间里的灯全都开着，谁没关？
Part 3 · 4 conversations
Anne has written the figures section of the group's survey write-up, and Liu Xiaoxue checks that the numbers add up to fifty.
安妮Anne
小雪，材料里的数字我写好了，你看看对不对。
Xiaoxue, I've written the figures for the write-up. Can you check them?
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
光吃面包的就有二十八个人，没错吧？
Bread eaters alone come to twenty-eight, right?
Part 4 · 2 points
范围副词 共 / 全 / 光 / 仅 / 仅仅 / 至少
共gòng gives a total, 全quán means whole or all, 光guāng, 仅jǐn and 仅仅jǐnjǐn mean only, and 至少zhìshǎo means at least. Each goes right before the part it limits.
Give a total
Put 共gòng before the verb and number to give the total.
only; just
at least
even
All the lights in the room are on; who didn't turn them off?
你说得完全对，我也是这么想的。
You're completely right, and that's what I think too.
整个周末都在下雨，我哪儿也没去。
It rained the whole weekend, and I didn't go anywhere.
我今天太忙了，连喝水的时间都没有。
I was so busy today that I didn't even have time for a drink of water.
没错，我数了两遍。吃馒头的十二个，吃别的东西的仅仅六个。
That's right, I counted twice. Twelve have steamed buns, and just six have something else.
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
还有不吃早餐的四个人，一共正好五十个，对了。
And the four who skip breakfast, so exactly fifty in all. It adds up.
安妮Anne
那这部分就这样写吧？
So we keep this part as it is?
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
可以。但是不吃早餐的那四个人，至少要多写几句，这个问题很重要。
Yes. But we should write at least a few more sentences about the four who skip breakfast; it's an important problem.
Li Wen has been looking for Liu Ming all afternoon and finds him in the library, still making the tables for the write-up.
李文Li Wen
原来你在这儿！我找了你整个下午。
So this is where you are! I've been looking for you all afternoon.
刘明Liu Ming
我在做材料里的表，已经忙了一整天了。
I'm making the tables for the write-up; I've been at it the whole day.
李文Li Wen
做完了吗？
Are you done?
刘明Liu Ming
还没有完全做完，第二部分几点吃、在哪儿吃的表还没做。
Not completely. I still haven't made the table for part two, when and where people eat.
李文Li Wen
我来帮你吧。你说数字，我来写。
Let me help. You read out the figures and I'll write them down.
刘明Liu Ming
太好了，两个人一起，今天晚上就能做完。
Great. With two of us we can finish tonight.
Liu Xiaoxue hands the write-up to Teacher Wang and answers her questions about the totals.
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
王老师，这是我们组的调查材料。这次调查共问了五十个同学。
Teacher Wang, here is our group's survey write-up. This survey asked fifty classmates in total.
王老师Teacher Wang
所有同学都回答了吗？
Did all the classmates answer?
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
全都回答了。其中男生二十六个，女生二十四个。
Every one of them. Twenty-six of them are boys and twenty-four are girls.
王老师Teacher Wang
我猜吃面包的人最多，至少有一半吧？
I'd guess bread eaters are the biggest group. At least half, right?
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
您猜对了，有二十八个。不吃早餐的仅有四个人，但是我们觉得这个问题很重要。
You guessed right: twenty-eight. Only four people skip breakfast, but we think that problem is important.
王老师Teacher Wang
你们想得很对。下周上课的时候，你们跟全班同学说说吧。
You're quite right. Next week in class, tell the whole class about it.
After the group presents its write-up to the class, Bai Jiayue asks Anne what they learned from the survey.
白家月Bai Jiayue
安妮，你们做了这个调查，从中发现了什么？
Anne, you did this survey. What did you find from it?
安妮Anne
不吃早餐的四个同学之中，有一个共同的问题：早上起得太晚。
The four classmates who skip breakfast share one problem: they get up too late.
白家月Bai Jiayue
起得晚就不吃早餐？连十分钟都没有吗？
They skip breakfast just because they get up late? They don't even have ten minutes?
安妮Anne
他们说连五分钟都没有，更不用说坐下来吃饭了。
They say they don't even have five minutes, let alone time to sit down and eat.
白家月Bai Jiayue
那你们给他们什么建议？
So what did you suggest to them?
安妮Anne
晚上早点儿睡，早上拿个面包在路上吃也可以。
Go to bed earlier, or at least grab some bread in the morning and eat it on the way.
白家月Bai Jiayue
其实我也常常起得晚，看来这不只是他们四个人的问题。
Actually I often get up late too. It seems this isn't just a problem for those four.
In 这次调查共问了五十个同学zhè cì diàochá gòng wèn le wǔshí ge tóngxué, fifty is the whole number.
One part is already a lot
Use 光……就…… (guāng……jiù……) when one part alone already reaches a big number.
This is spoken. To stress that a number is small, use 仅jǐn or 仅仅jǐnjǐn instead.
Only a few, at least
Use 仅jǐn or 仅仅jǐnjǐn for a small number, and 至少zhìshǎo for the lowest number.
仅有四个人jǐn yǒu sì ge rén means only four; 至少有一半zhìshǎo yǒu yíbàn means half or more.
In sentences
Total
这个学期共有十八周，期中考试在第九周。
This term has eighteen weeks in total, and the mid-term is in week nine.
共gòng gives the total.
One part is already a lot
这个月光吃饭就花了两千块。
This month food alone cost two thousand yuan.
光guāng with 就jiù stresses that one part alone is a lot.
Whole / only
这个周末我们全家都在家，仅仅出去吃了一顿饭。
This weekend the whole family stayed home; we only went out once, for a meal.
全quán goes straight before 家jiā; 仅仅jǐnjǐn, the stronger form of 仅jǐn, stresses how little.
At least
这么多数字，至少要三天才能整理完。
With this many figures, it'll take at least three days to organize them.
至少zhìshǎo gives the lowest number.
A：这个学期你们共有几门课？ B：共有五门，至少两门要考笔试。
A: How many courses do you have this term in all? B: Five in all, and at least two have written exams.
安妮的材料里，光第一部分就写了三页，全部写完要两天。
In Anne's write-up the first part alone runs to three pages, and finishing the whole thing takes two days.
These adverbs set the scope of a number or a statement, and each stands right before the words it limits. 共gòng gives the total and is a little more formal than 一共yígòng: 这次调查共问了五十个同学zhè cì diàochá gòng wèn le wǔshí ge tóngxué. 全quán goes straight before a noun without 的de to mean the whole: 全班quán bān, the whole class. 光guāng, 仅jǐn and 仅仅jǐnjǐn all mean only, but they are used differently. 光guāng is spoken, and in 光……就…… (guāng……jiù……) it says that one part alone is already a lot: 光吃面包的就有二十八个人guāng chī miànbāo de jiù yǒu èrshíbā ge rén. 仅jǐn and the stronger 仅仅jǐnjǐn are formal and stress that a number is small: 仅有四个人jǐn yǒu sì ge rén, 仅仅六个jǐnjǐn liù ge. 至少zhìshǎo gives the lowest number or the minimum you should do: 至少有一半zhìshǎo yǒu yíbàn, 至少要多写几句zhìshǎo yào duō xiě jǐ jù. A common error is to put these words after the number, as in 五十个共wǔshí ge gòng instead of 共五十个gòng wǔshí ge; they always come before it.
连……也/都……，……更……
连lián + an extreme case + 都dōu or 也yě + verb says that even this case is true. A next clause with 更gèng, often 更不用说gèng bú yòng shuō … 了le, says the less likely case follows all the more.
Not even
Put the extreme case after 连lián and 都dōu or 也yě before the verb.
An object after 连lián comes before the verb: 连五分钟都没有lián wǔ fēnzhōng dōu méiyǒu.
Let alone
After a 连lián clause, 更不用说gèng bú yòng shuō adds a case that is even less likely.
The harder case is usually bigger or more demanding than the one after 连lián: five minutes, let alone a sit-down meal.
In sentences
Not even
他最近太忙了，连周末都在公司工作。
He's been so busy lately that he even works at the office at weekends.
The extreme case 周末zhōumò comes after 连lián, then 都dōu.
With 也
我连一个面包也没吃。
I didn't eat even one piece of bread.
连lián + 一yī + measure word + 也没yě méi is a strong negative.
Let alone
我连自行车都不会骑，更不用说开车了。
I can't even ride a bike, let alone drive a car.
更不用说gèng bú yòng shuō + harder case + 了le.
All the more
这道题连老师都觉得难，我们就更不会了。
Even the teacher finds this question hard, so it's even harder for us.
连lián picks out the most extreme case, the one you would least expect, and 都dōu or 也yě must follow it before the verb: 连十分钟都没有lián shí fēnzhōng dōu méiyǒu, not even ten minutes. The meaning is 'even': if this case is true, everything else is true as well. It is very common in the negative with a small number: 我连一个面包也没吃wǒ lián yí ge miànbāo yě méi chī, I didn't eat even one piece of bread. The part after 连lián can be the subject or the object; an object moves in front of the verb: 连五分钟都没有lián wǔ fēnzhōng dōu méiyǒu, never 没有连五分钟méiyǒu lián wǔ fēnzhōng. A second clause with 更gèng then takes the argument one step further: since even the easier thing is not true, the harder thing is even less true. 更不用说gèng bú yòng shuō
更gèng before the verb draws the conclusion.
A：你吃午饭了吗？ B：连水都没喝，我一直在开会。
A: Have you had lunch? B: I haven't even had a drink of water; I've been in a meeting all along.
刘明忙得连午饭都忘了吃，更不用说回家了。
Liu Ming was so busy that he forgot even lunch, let alone going home.
他们说连五分钟都没有，更不用说坐下来吃饭了。
They say they don't even have five minutes, let alone time to sit down and eat.
Why it matters · Not even five minutes, so a sit-down meal is even less possible.
