HSK 3Lesson 19
It is the first Monday of November. Annie has been out in the rain, and now she has a fever just before a big test. You will follow her from the dorm corridor to the university clinic and back to bed, with Xiaoxue and Yixue looking after her.
You will learn to say you are sick, talk to a doctor, say what was done to you, and say that something begins.
Part 1 · 10 new words
Contains 5 words
to catch a cold; a cold
to have a fever
tooth
toothbrush
to affect; influence
Contains 3 words
to receive; to bear; to suffer
to receive; to be (affected, praised, etc.)
Contains 2 words
a bit; slightly (usually unwelcome)
to rise; to get up
Part 2 · 9 phrases
我一发烧，就想睡觉，也不想吃东西。
When I have a fever, I just want to sleep and don't feel like eating.
感冒了就在家休息，别去学校影响别人。
If you have a cold, rest at home and don't go to school and affect others.
牙疼的时候，要少吃糖，也要换一把新牙刷。
When your tooth hurts, eat less sugar and change to a new toothbrush.
我的杯子被弟弟用坏了，我只好买一个新的。
My brother broke my cup by using it, so I had to buy a new one.
房间里太热，我一分钟也受不了。
It's so hot in the room that I can't stand it for a minute.
新来的老师受到了同学们的欢迎。
The new teacher was welcomed by the students.
Part 3 · 4 conversations
Monday morning in the dorm corridor. Xiaoxue finds Annie still in the building when her class has started.
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
安妮，你怎么还没去上课？你看起来不太好。
Annie, why haven't you gone to class yet? You don't look well.
安妮Annie
我感冒了，有一点儿头疼，没事。
I've caught a cold. I have a bit of a headache, but I'm fine.
刘小雪
Part 4 · 3 points
表示动作行为的开始，动词+上/起来
After a verb, 起来qǐlai or 上shàng can mean that an action or a state begins.
Start something
起来qǐlai marks the moment an action begins.
by (passive marker)
这件衣服有一点儿小，我想换大一号的。
This piece of clothing is a bit small, so I'd like a bigger size.
同学们一看到我，就笑起来了。
As soon as my classmates saw me, they started laughing.
起床以后，我喝一杯水，再去跑步。
After I get up, I drink a glass of water, and then go running.
感冒了还说没事？你是不是在雨里走了很长时间？
You've got a cold and you say you're fine? Were you out in the rain for a long time?
安妮Annie
是啊。星期六下雨，我的伞被白家月借走了。
Yes. It rained on Saturday and my umbrella was borrowed by Jiayue.
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
又是她！我的书也被她借走过。你今天别去上课了。
Her again! She's borrowed my book too. Don't go to class today.
安妮Annie
可是星期三有考试……我一看起书来就累。
But there's a test on Wednesday... as soon as I start reading I get tired.
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
听我的，我跟你去看病。
Listen to me. I'll go to the doctor with you.
At the university clinic, the doctor finds out what is wrong, and Annie worries about the test.
医生Doctor
哪儿不舒服？
What's bothering you?
安妮Annie
头疼，还有一点儿冷，我受不了了。
My head hurts and I'm a bit cold. I can't stand it.
医生Doctor
我看看……你发烧了。
Let me see... you have a fever.
安妮Annie
发烧？可是星期三我有考试！
A fever? But I have a test on Wednesday!
医生Doctor
感冒会影响你的学习，要在床上休息两天。
A cold will affect your studies. You need to rest in bed for two days.
安妮Annie
那考试呢？
And the test?
医生Doctor
别担心，我给王老师打电话，你的考试可以晚几天，不会受到影响。
Don't worry. I'll phone Teacher Wang, your test can be a few days later, and it won't be affected.
Back in the dorm, Yixue brings food and finds out about Annie's other problem.
王一雪Wang Yixue
我给你带了热面条儿和药。
I brought you hot noodles and medicine.
安妮Annie
谢谢！可是我牙也疼，不能吃甜的。
Thanks! But my tooth hurts too, so I can't eat anything sweet.
王一雪Wang Yixue
牙也疼？你是不是又吃了很多糖？
Your tooth hurts too? Did you eat lots of candy again?
安妮Annie
没有……就吃了一块蛋糕。
No... just one piece of cake.
王一雪Wang Yixue
蛋糕也有糖！你的牙刷也太旧了，换一把新的吧。
Cake has sugar too! Your toothbrush is far too old as well. Get a new one.
安妮Annie
好，我今天起不来，你帮我买吧。
OK. I can't get up today, so could you buy one for me?
王一雪Wang Yixue
行，你睡吧，我下课就去买。
Sure. You sleep, and I'll go buy one after class.
Tuesday night, Xiaoxue finds Annie in bed with her notebook.
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
好一点儿了吗？你怎么在写字？
Feeling better? Why are you writing?
安妮Annie
好一点儿了。我在写新词：感冒、发烧、牙刷……
A little better. I'm writing new words: cold, fever, toothbrush...
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
你真是个爱学习的病人！
You really are a student who loves studying, even sick!
安妮Annie
没办法，我哪儿也去不了。
I can't help it. I can't go anywhere.
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
一雪说，你的新牙刷已经被买回来了。
Yixue said your new toothbrush has already been bought.
安妮Annie
谢谢！你笑什么？
Thanks! What are you laughing at?
刘小雪Liu Xiaoxue
你写起新词来，一点儿也不像病人！
When you start on new words, you don't look like a sick person at all!
Annie says she gets tired once she 看起书来kàn qǐ shū lái: the tiredness starts when she begins to read.
In sentences
With 上
我爱上了北京。
I have fallen in love with Beijing.
上shàng with 爱ài or 喜欢xǐhuan: a feeling begins.
孩子一看见雪，就高兴得笑起来了。
As soon as the children saw the snow, they started laughing with joy.
A：你们怎么哭起来了？ B：看这个电影，我们都很难过。
A: Why did you start crying? B: We all feel sad watching this movie.
我一累，看起书来就很慢。
When I'm tired, I start reading very slowly.
下起雨来了，我们快回去吧。
It's started to rain. Let's go back quickly.
安妮喜欢上了汉字，每天写十个。
Annie has come to like characters and writes ten every day.
Put 起来qǐlai after a verb or adjective to say that an action or feeling begins: 笑起来xiào qǐlai "start to laugh", 忙起来máng qǐlai "get busy". If the verb has an object, 起来qǐlai splits it: 看起书来kàn qǐ shū lái "start reading", 下起雨来xià qǐ yǔ lái "it starts to rain". After a few verbs of feeling, 上shàng says that a state begins: 爱上ài shàng "fall in love with", 喜欢上xǐhuan shàng "start to like". The key constraint is that the object goes between the verb and 来lái, not after it. A common mistake is to put it after: ✗ 他看书起来很快tā kàn shū qǐlai hěn kuài, ✓ 他看起书来很快tā kàn qǐ shū lái hěn kuài.
主语+被+宾语+动词+其他成分
A + 被bèi + doer + verb + result/了le says what happened to A and who did it.
Name the doer
被bèi is followed by the doer, then a verb with something extra.
Annie says 我的伞被白家月借走了wǒ de sǎn bèi Bái Jiāyuè jiè zǒu le to explain how she got wet.
In sentences
Negative
我的伞没被白家月借走。
My umbrella wasn't borrowed by Jiayue.
没méi goes before 被bèi.
蛋糕被弟弟吃了。
The cake was eaten by my brother.
A：你的手机呢？ B：被刘明拿走了。
A: Where is your phone? B: Liu Ming took it.
我的自行车被朋友骑走了。
My bike was ridden off by my friend.
饭被你们吃完了，我没有吃的了。
The food has been finished by you all, and I have nothing to eat.
安妮的伞被白家月借走了。
Annie's umbrella was borrowed by Jiayue.
被bèi marks the thing that something was done to: 我的伞被白家月借走了wǒ de sǎn bèi Bái Jiāyuè jiè zǒu le is "my umbrella was borrowed by Jiayue". The pattern is receiver + 被bèi + doer + verb + another element, such as 了le, a result like 走zǒu or a number. It is often used when the result is unwelcome or surprising. The key constraint is that the verb cannot stand alone after 被bèi: it needs 了le, a result complement or a quantity. A negative goes before 被bèi: 我的伞没被借走wǒ de sǎn méi bèi jiè zǒu. A common mistake is to leave the verb bare: ✗ 我的伞被白家月借wǒ de sǎn bèi Bái Jiāyuè jiè, ✓ 我的伞被白家月借走了wǒ de sǎn bèi Bái Jiāyuè jiè zǒu le
主语+被+动词+其他成分
A + 被bèi + verb + result/了le says what happened to A when the doer is unknown or unimportant.
No doer
被bèi goes straight before the verb when the doer is not named.
Xiaoxue says the toothbrush 已经被买回来了yǐjīng bèi mǎi huílai le without saying who bought it.
In sentences
With 已经
药已经被拿走了。
The medicine has already been taken away.
已经yǐjīng goes before 被bèi.
门被打开了，里面没有人。
The door was opened, and there was nobody inside.
A：我的书呢？ B：已经被拿走了。
A: Where's my book? B: It's already been taken.
我的书包被拿错了，里面的书都不是我的。
My bag was taken by mistake, and the books inside aren't mine.
这些衣服都被洗干净了。
All these clothes have been washed clean.
新牙刷已经被买回来了。
The new toothbrush has already been bought.
When you do not need to say who did it, the doer is left out and the verb follows 被bèi directly: 牙刷被买回来了yáshuā bèi mǎi huílai le. The pattern is receiver + 被bèi + verb + another element, such as 了le, a direction or a result. It is common in notices and in speech when the doer is obvious, unknown or unimportant. The key constraint is the same as with a named doer: the verb needs 了le, a result or a direction after it. A common mistake is to leave the verb bare: ✗ 牙刷被买yáshuā bèi mǎi, ✓ 牙刷被买回来了yáshuā bèi mǎi huílai le.
又是她！我的书也被她借走过。你今天别去上课了。
Her again! She's borrowed my book too. Don't go to class today.
Why it matters · Xiaoxue says her book was 被她借走过bèi tā jiè zǒu guo; 过guò shows it happened before.
